Chapter 1 CMPF 112 : COMPUTING SKILLS Introduction to Computers Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to : Define term of computer Identify the components of a computer Distinguish between system software
and application software Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Objectives Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Describe the categories of computers Describe the various types of computer users
Computer Literacy Def.: Knowledge and understanding about a computer and their uses. What is a COMPUTER? Def. : electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory. can accept DATA
process the data INFORMATION produce & STORE the results Components of a Computer INPUT UNIT COMMUNICATION
UNIT STORAGE UNIT SYSTEM UNIT OUTPUT UNIT 1. Input Unit consist of hardware used to enter data and instructions e.g.:
2. System Unit Case containing electronic components used to process data E.g.: System Unit There are 2 main components on a motherboard: CPU MEMORY
System Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) MEMORY (RAM) also called a processor electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
electronic component that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions 3. Output Unit Hardware that conveys information to one or more user E.g.: 4. Storage Unit
Def. : Holds data, instructions, and information for future use. Storage Media - physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions & information Storage Device - computer hardware that
records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media. Storage Unit Storage Device Card reader CD-ROM Drive/ DVD-ROM Drive Storage Media memory card
Optical Disc (CD/DVD) hard disk USB flash drive 5. Communication Unit Def: hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers. E.g.: modem (digital modem-cable, isdn, wireless
modem, wireless access points) SOFTWARE Also called a program Def.: series of instructions that tells a computer what to do. System software Application software
System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. serves as the interface between the user, the application software and the computers hardware. E.g. : operating systems
& utility programs Application software consist of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal task. E.g. : Word Processing,
database, Photo Editing, Entertainment Application Software System Software Operating System Utility Program is a set of programs that
coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software Programs that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. E.g. Windows 8, Mac OS X, LINUX
E.g.: Managing file, removing unwanted files, defragmenting disks, restoring backed up files ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS CLASS ACTIVITY Discuss with your friend in 10 minutes. Then, we will discuss the answer together. DISADVANTAGES OF USING
COMPUTERS CLASS ACTIVITY Discuss with your friend in 10 minutes. Then, we will discuss the answer together. NETWORK Def. : collection of computers and devices connected together, via communications devices and transmission media. Transmission media: Consist of materials capable of carrying one or more
signals. Cable Wireless Microwaves Satellite What can we share using network?
NETWORK - Architecture INTERNET Def. : worldwide collection of networks that links millions of business, government agencies, educational institutions and individuals. NETWORK & INTERNET Why do users access the internet? Communications
Information Shopping Banking & Investing Education Entertainment WEBSITE
Web page collections of related web pages Web page Website Web page
Example of website? Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and link to other web pages. Categories of Computers
Personal Computers Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers
Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers Personal Computers A computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself. It contains: - A processor Memory
Input devices Output devices Storage devices 2 types of personal computers are desktop computers and notebook computers Personal Computers Desktop computers Also known as PCs, microcomputers, or home computers
Broken down into three categories: Low-end computers Fully-powered personal computers Workstations Network computer Central processing unit and minimal memory Designed to be used on a network Sometimes called thin client
PC Categories Low-end computers Fine for home users, word processing, simple games, Internet access Fully powered computers Good for heavy use of graphics, programming, or action-oriented games Workstations Very high-end computers used by engineers, financial traders, and
graphic designers Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices Mobile computer personal computer you can carry from place to place. Eg: notebook, netbook, tablet PCs Mobile device computing device small enough to hold in your hand. Eg: PDA, e-book readers, handheld computer, portable media players - Can connect a mobile device to a personal computer to exchange information
- Internet-enabled Mobile Computer: Notebook Computers Also called a laptop computer A portable, designed to fit on your lap Small, lightweight computers
Capabilities approach that of desktop computers Similar processing and memory Most have hard disk, and diskette or CD-ROM drive Mobile Computer: Notebook Computers Netbook type of notebook which is smaller, lighter, and often not as powerful as a traditional notebook computer Tablet PCs type of notebook computer that
you can interact with by touching the screen with finger or digital pen - Useful especially for taking notes in lectures, at meetings, conferences, forums Mobile devices Smart phones Internet-enabled phone that usually provides personal information management functions such as calendar, appointment book, address book calculator, notepad Offer variety of application software: - Word processing
- Spreadsheet - Games - Capable of conducting live video conference Mobile devices PDA Often looks like smart phone Also provides personal information management functions such as calendar, appointment book, address book calculator, notepad Differ from smart phone in a way: - Does not provide phone capabilities
- Does not support voice input, built-in camera, portable media player Mobile devices Handheld computer Small enough to fit in one hand Communicate wirelessly with other devices Include digital pen of stylus for input Portable Media Player Mobile device which you can store, organize and play digital media
Game Consoles Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiple player video games Standard game consoles use: o Input handheld controller o Output television screen o Storage hard disk, optical discs, memory card Eg: Xbox 360, Ninetendos Wii, Sonys Playstation 3 Servers Control access to the hardware, software and other
resources on network Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data and information It can support from two to several thousand connected computer at the same time Mainframes Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected user simultaneously. Store tremendous amounts of data, instructions and information. Most major corporations use mainframes for business
activities: o To bill millions of customers o Prepare payroll for employees o Manage thousands od items in inventory Can act as servers in network environment Supercomputers The fastest, most powerful and most expensive computers
Capable of processing more than one quadrillion of instructions per second Used for very sophisticated applications requiring mammoth data manipulation:
Weather forecasting Weapons research Nuclear energy research Application in medicine Automotive design Embedded Computer Special purpose computer that functions as a component in larger product. E.g. Built-in GPS in car, smart rice-cooker, washing machine.
Other example?
